Strategies to Prevent Germ Cell Death for Fertility Preservation
نویسندگان
چکیده
................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 10 REVIEW OF LITERATURE..................................................................................................... 13 APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH............................................................................................................. 13 Death receptor pathway......................................................................................................... 14 Mitochondrial pathway.......................................................................................................... 15 Caspase-dependent apoptosis................................................................................................. 16 Caspase-independent apoptosis.............................................................................................. 16 Tumor suppressor p53 ........................................................................................................... 16 Sphingolipids in apoptosis..................................................................................................... 16 PHYSIOLOGICAL OVARIAN FOLLICLE APOPTOSIS.......................................................................... 18 PATHOLOGICAL OVARIAN FOLLICLE APOPTOSIS........................................................................... 19 Gonadotoxic treatments......................................................................................................... 20 Genetic factors ...................................................................................................................... 20 MECHANISMS OF OVARIAN CELL DEATH...................................................................................... 20 PRESERVATION OF FEMALE GERM CELLS ..................................................................................... 22 Transplantation of ovarian tissue ........................................................................................... 22 In vitro maturation of follicles ............................................................................................... 23 Maturation of cryopreserved oocytes ..................................................................................... 24 In situ protection of ovaries ................................................................................................... 25 PHYSIOLOGICAL MALE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS ............................................................................ 25 PATHOLOGICAL MALE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS ............................................................................. 26 Gonadotoxic treatments......................................................................................................... 26 Genetic factors ...................................................................................................................... 27 MECHANISMS OF TESTICULAR GERM CELL DEATH........................................................................ 27 PRESERVATION OF MALE GERM CELLS......................................................................................... 28 Transplantation of germ cells................................................................................................. 29 Transplantation of testicular tissue......................................................................................... 29 In vitro maturation of male germ cells ................................................................................... 30 In situ protection of testes...................................................................................................... 30 AIMS OF THE STUDY.............................................................................................................. 32 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................ 33 PATIENTS (I-II) .......................................................................................................................... 33 ANIMALS (III-IV)....................................................................................................................... 33
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